A Book Review of The Kissing Hand by Audrey Penn

Since it was first published in 1993, The Kissing Hand by Audrey Penn has provided reassurance for children dealing with difficult transitions and situations. While the focus of the picture book is on fears about starting school, the reassurance and comfort the book provides can be applied to many different situations. Summary of The Kissing Hand The Kissing Hand is the story of Chester Raccoon, who is terrified to tears at the thought of starting kindergarten and being away from his home, his mother and his usual activities. His mother reassures him about all the good things he will find at school, including new friends, toys, and books. Best of all, she tells Chester that she has a wonderful secret that will make him feel at home at school. Its a secret, passed down to Chesters mother by her mother and to her mother by Chesters great-grandmother. The name of the secret is the Kissing Hand. Chester wants to know more, so his mother shows him the secret of the Kissing Hand. After kissing Chesters palm, his mother tells him, Whenever you feel lonely and need a little loving from home, just press your hand to your chest and think, Mommy loves you. Chester is reassured to know that his mothers love will be with him wherever he goes, even kindergarten. Chester is then inspired to give his mother a kissing hand by kissing her palm, which makes her very happy. He then happily goes off to school. The story is slightly stronger than the illustrations, which while colorful, are not as well executed as they could be. However, kids will find Chester to be appealing in both the story and the illustrations. At the end of the book, there is a page of small red heart-shaped stickers that have the words The Kissing Hand printed on each of them in white. This is a nice touch; teachers and counselors can give out the stickers after reading the story to a class or parents can use one whenever a child needs reassurance. According to her website, Audrey Penn was inspired to write The Kissing Hand as a result of something shed seen and something she did as a result. Shed seen a raccoon kiss the palm of her cub, and then the cub put the kiss on his face. When Penns daughter was scared about starting kindergarten, Penn reassured her with a kiss to the palm of her daughters hand. Her daughter was comforted, knowing the kiss would go with her wherever she went, including school. About the Author, Audrey Penn After her career as a ballerina came to an end when she became ill with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, Audrey Penn found a new career as a writer. However, she began writing a journal when she was in the fourth grade and continued writing as she was growing up. Those early writings became the basis for her first book, Happy Apple Told Me, published in 1975. The Kissing Hand, her fourth book, was published in 1993 and has become her most well-known book. Audrey Penn received the Educational Press Association of Americas Distinguished Achievement Award for Excellence in Educational Journalism for The Kissing Hand. Penn has written about 20 books for children. In all, Audrey Penn has written 6 picture books about Chester Raccoon and his mother, each focusing on a different situation that can be difficult for a child to deal with: A Pocket Full of Kisses (a new baby brother), A Kiss Goodbye (moving, going to a new school), Chester Raccoon and the Big Bad Bully (dealing with a bully), Chester Raccoon and the Acorn Full of Memories (the death of a friend) and Chester the Brave (overcoming fears), She also wrote A Bedtime Kiss for Chester Raccoon, a board book dealing with bedtime fears. As to why she writes about animals, Penn explains, Everyone can identify with an animal. I never have to worry about prejudice or hurting someones feelings if I use an animal instead of a person.   About the Illustrators, Ruth E. Harper and Nancy M. Leak Ruth E. Harper, who was born in England, has a background as an art teacher. In addition to illustrating The Kissing Hand along with Nancy M. Leak, Harper illustrated Penns picture book Sassafras. Harper uses a variety of media in her work, including pencil, charcoal, pastel, watercolor, and acrylic. Artist Nancy Leak, who lives in Maryland, is known for her printmaking. Barbara Leonard Gibson is the illustrator of all of Audrey Penns other picture books and board books about Chester Raccoon.   Review and Recommendation The Kissing Hand has provided a lot of comfort for scared children over the years. Many schools will read it to a new kindergarten class to ease their fears. In most cases, children are already familiar with the story and the idea of the kissing hand really resonates with young ones. The Kissing Hand was originally published in 1993 by the Child Welfare League of America. In the foreword to the book, Jean Kennedy Smith, founder of Very Special Arts, writes, The Kissing Hand is a story for any child who confronts a difficult situation, and for the child within each of us who sometimes needs reassurance. This book is perfect for children 3 to 8 years old who need comforting and reassurance. (Tanglewood Press, 2006.) More Recommended Picture Books If you are looking for bedtime stories for young children that are reassuring, Amy Hests Kiss Good Night, illustrated by Anita Jeram, is a good recommendation, as is Goodnight Moon by Margaret Wise Brown, with illustrations by Clement Hurd. For young children worried about starting school, the following picture books will help ease their fears: First Grade Jitters by Robert Quackenbush, with illustrations by Yan Nascimbene, and Mary Ann Rodmans First Grade Stinks! illustrated by Beth Spiegel. Sources: Audrey Penns website, Tanglewood Press

Impact Of Financial Problems On Motivation - 1314 Words

Past studies have shown that the motivation issues experienced in the work place are not necessarily caused by the work environment. In some cases, external factors not related to work environment are the primary reason that so many workers are incapable of performing to the best of their ability. â€Å"People tend to underestimate the importance of external factors and overestimate the importance of internal factors as influences on those behaviors† (Baack, 2012, Ch. 3.1).Through the exploration of how financial problems can affect motivation in employees and how the motivation of these employees can be boosted, a better understanding of performance issues and motivation can be gained. Financial problems are quite common and they contribute a huge percentage of motivational problems found in the work place. In most scenarios, financial difficulties are a result of poor choices made by the individual (Ford, 1992). However, in some instances the financial hardships are a result of situations beyond the control of the individual. Hardships are often the result of the economic climate, or other external situations. Some common financial problems that are experienced by employees include: minimal or no medical insurance, mortgage payments, gambling addictions, lack of savings, and fraud (Shinnick, 2009). Regardless if the hardship is self inflicted or beyond one’s control the effects on motivation in the workplace are still present. Having medical insurance ensures peace of mind thatShow MoreRelatedThe Work For Organisations And With Their Abilities And Skills1651 Words   |  7 Pagesachieve higher levels of output. The employees loses their interest and their working efficiency level gets reduced when they feel that their good work is not noticed and not been appreciated by the management. Similarly some of the employees may need motivation for them to get on track and start using their skills for the benefit of their organisation (Liopis, G., 2012). There is an old saying you can take a horse to the water but you cannot force it to drink; it will drink only if it’s thirsty-so withRead MoreOrganizational Performance Of The Amc1446 Words   |  6 Pagesarrival of Andy Falender, there were three prominent problems plaguing the organizational performance of the AMC. These problems consisted of: 1) the decentralization of decision making to the local chapters, 2) the financial stability of the organizati on, and 3) the growth of the organization. These problems presented themselves as troublesome for the organization, hindering its ability to perform accordingly. Looking first at the problem of decentralization of the decision making process, theRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book Real Chicago Millionaire 972 Words   |  4 PagesCited Dreiser, Theodore. Finansist. Erevan: Hayastan, 1967. Print. Finansist is the first novel of American writer T. Dreiser. This book gives an excellent example of a self-motivated person, Frank Cowperwood, who made dizzying career in the financial sphere. The story is based on the biography of real Chicago millionaire Charles Yerkes. The author describes the process of formation of a young man from his childhood to his middle age. The main character is not only gifted but also a hard workingRead MoreCybercrime And Its Effects On Society1239 Words   |  5 Pagesprovide solutions that change the current situation. This paper explains the impact of cybercrime on society in different forms such as security, economy, and psychology. Thus giving us a better understanding of cybercrime and its effects. While at the same time giving recommendations to improve the awareness of this issue among people. Keywords—cybercrime, Social Impact, and Different types, causes, prevention, Social Impacts I. INTRODUCTION Now a day’s internet and computer usage are an emerging trendRead MoreIntroduction. In An Organization, There Are Various Factors1598 Words   |  7 Pagesbackgrounds. Some employees have negative attitudes and this creates problems that make it difficult for them to work together. All this will influence the team and sales performance. Some of these problems come from ineffective communication among the employees, cultural differences and a lack of understanding of the values from Americans and Japanese alike and the way they perceive things. This paper presents a motivation plan that intends to address such issues and promote a cohesive work betweenRead MoreThe Counseling Process Is A Dynamic And Progressive Style875 Words   |  4 Pagesdistinct areas that affect the client’s ability to succeed: social, physical health, motivation, and financial. Success is only determine by the ability of the counselor and client to define the goals of counseling and work towa rds those goals collaboratively. My research will focus on gaining insight on how and why these areas make counseling individuals with disabilities rewarding yet challenging. PROBLEM AREAS The counseling process is a dynamic and progressive style or approach to helpingRead MoreThe Importance Of Motivation On Creativity, Creative People And Creative Work Essay1360 Words   |  6 Pagesdifferentiating characteristics is related to the motivation of the workers. Creatives are said to be intrinsically motivated. Ryan and Deci (2000) define intrinsic motivation as doing something due to the appeal and satisfaction that will be gained. Managers from another point of view are known to be more extrinsically motivated meaning the motivation comes from the external reward which will be gained (Ryan and Deci, 2000). Intrinsic and extrinsic motivation contrast each other and this concept can alsoRead MoreThe Overall Impact On Having Motivation At Work1588 Words   |  7 PagesThe overall impact on having motivation at work is ideal for performing to your highest ability Motivation is the â€Å"desire and energy in people to be continually interested and committed to a job, rol e or subject† (BusinessDictionary.com, 2016). However, there are many incentives to help motivate the employee whether they are financial or non financial, depending on what motivates them the most, whether it be a raise in salary or just a simple bit of praise. During the time of Scientific ManagementRead MoreFinancial Rewards And Incentives Should Be Used1364 Words   |  6 Pages‘Financial rewards and incentives should be used to motivate employees’. Critically evaluate. Employee motivation is considered to be an important component of an organization to accomplish its objectives successfully. Managers use tools like financial as well as non-financial rewards and incentives to increase motivation. While financial rewards are generally considered to be beneficial, non-financial rewards also have an important role to play because of their impact on different types of motivationRead MoreUnit One Assignment : Fraud Basics879 Words   |  4 PagesIroda Yakubova Unit One Assignment: Fraud Basics 1. In my opinion, non-shareable financial need is the most important in causing executives, managers, and employees to commit occupational fraud. The proxies become â€Å"criminals on trust† in the case of they start to have financial difficulties, which they cannot share with nobody. They think that available option to perform completely secret financial fraud and able to give an explanation to their behavior in a given situation, allowing to reconcile

Apple’s Success, Service and Innovations Free Essays

CASE: â€Å"The Success of the iPod and iPhone raises the licensing question for Apple†¦. Again† 1. Use the Cyclic Innovation Model figure to illustrate the innovation process in this case and provide a brief description? Apple started in 1977 when it’s first personal computer was designed by Steven Jobs and Steven Wozniak. We will write a custom essay sample on Apple’s Success, Service and Innovations or any similar topic only for you Order Now The thing that was different about the Apple Macintosh personal computer was that it used a mouse driven operating system, which was not being used by other computers at the time. Microsoft were using a Microsoft Disc Operating System, which they licensed to all other PC manufacturers, Apple refused to do this which limited it to only people who bought Apple computers, this led to Apple’s shares falling significantly. Although Apple had an arguably better operating system they were losing in the market, because Microsoft licensed other manufacturers to use their operating system it became the common household system. This stubbornness although at the time seen to be foolish at the time, has helped with their success today (Trott, P 2012). Apple’s technological research over time (and the return of Steven Jobs) led to the creation of the iPod. In 2001 the iPod was launched, from 2003 the sales of the iPod heavily increased, generating massive profits for Apple, and giving the brand more exposure. To help Apple deal with the market competitors they kept improving and modifying the iPod, whilst still being able to lower its price. They did this by making modified versions such as the iPod Shuffle, and upgrading other models. Apple has continued to upgrade and invent new products to keep its customers and attract new ones. This has been done through the iMac, iPod, iPad and iPhone, adding new technological features, such as giving phones other multipurpose uses such as an iPod substitute as well as the invention of the ‘apps store’. Their technological developments to make these products do all sorts of amazing new things has given them a huge upper hand in the market (Trott, P 2012). Apple have made a positive shift in the market transition since they first started, from the debut of the Apple Macintosh in 1976 at the Homebrew Computer Club which was barely taken seriously. To now where the release of the iPad which was criticized for being too big for an iPhone but too small for a laptop which has made considerable profit, is astounding. The brand image they have built is superior to any other technological brand in the market, in my opinion. 2. With Sales of iPod falling and Apple facing fierce competition from all quarters such as Sony, Dell, Samsung and other electronics firms as well as mobile phone makers who are incorporating MP3 players into their devices, can the iPod survive? The iPod has become the standardized form of MP3 players in the market, taking up 50% of market share in the MP3 market (Trott, P 2012). Although Apple has recorded a fall in iPod sales in recent years, they have been substituted for other apple products which have had a huge increase in sales such as the iPhone which is commonly used as an MP3 player. Other companies have tried making and matching and bettering the iPod with their own MP3 players but have been unsuccessful in knocking off the number 1 MP3 player of the decade. Apples brand is so strong in that market with so many different versions of the iPod, making them an affordable and safe choice when choosing an MP3 player. Still competitors will keep trying to better the iPod through MP3 technology in their own devices, the iPod will have to keep on improving if it wants to keep the upper hand in the market. To keep their spot Apple with have to keep improving the quality and technology of their iPod and keep its sleek original design, while still keeping the prices competitive with other brands. Even newer technology will need to be presented by Apple if it wants to keep MP3 market shares high, futuristic technology will have to be designed possibly holograms technology and increasing the uses that the iPod MP3 already has. Although I believe it is inevitable that iPods and MP3 players will soon be a very small market in today’s society with so many other devices having the same technology plus more, that is still a fair while away and more profit is definitely yet to be made through the iPod. New fashionable unique covers can make the iPods more attractive to consumers, as well as all the accessories; such as jogging/fitness straps to hold them while the consumer participates in physical activity. Also upgrading the headphone design so it sits in more comfortably. I think some kind of hologram technology will become evident in the future of the mobile phone or iPod technology. Also a backup storage where the whole device is always backed up to a computer device so absolutely nothing is lost if a phone breaks, or is lost. 3. How can Apple influence future technology developments or establish strategic alliances to ensure it is a dominant force in the hand-held device that will incorporate both the cellphone and the MP3 player? Apple must continue to maintain a positive and trusting strategic alliance with other companies in the future to ensure that their plans for future technologies aren’t leaked, or copied. If they are able to create that kind of a strategic alliance, and with a major technical company (e. g. HP) they could create some mind blowing new technology in the future. The possibilities if Apple were able to team up with a technology giant could mean massive $$ for both companies, and new technology which could come out of that type of alliance could set the standards for the next generation of the industry. With the ability Apple have to keep upgrading and improving their products this would give them a huge advantage over their competitors. However for now, Apple must make sure they maintain their brand image, as the producers of the newest and best technology. The only way they will be able to do this is by keep upgrading their current products, while they wait for new technology’s to be developed. They must also keep designing new and upgraded products, so when new generation technology’s become available, people look to buy their product first. This will help keep them as a dominant force in the future hand-held device of MP3, cellphone industry. References: Trott, paul. 2012 innovation management and new product development 5th edition. prentice hall/pearson How to cite Apple’s Success, Service and Innovations, Papers

Test 1 Inquiry, Atmosphere Water Cycle Review Questions Example For Students

Test 1 Inquiry, Atmosphere Water Cycle Review Questions Question Answer What is the first step of the Scientific Method? Asking a QUESTION Katie noticed that bacteria growing on a plate did not grow next to mold that was growing on the same plate. So she wrote: â€Å"The mold may be producing a substance that kills bacteria.† This statement is best described as an Inference There are 200 gumballs in the machine. Is the above statement a Quantitative or Qualitative Observation Quantitative Carolina will lose the Championship this year.This statement will be best described as an inference or a prediction? Prediction What is the name of the variable the scientist changes or manipulates in an experiment? Independent or Manipulated Variable What is the name of the variable the scientist tries to keep the same in an experiment? Control Variable What is the name of the variable the scientist measures in an experiment? Dependent or Responding Variable An ornithologist (bird scientist) wants to determine if different temperatures affects how many times a bird chirps. What is the independent variable in this experiment? Different temperatures An ornithologist (bird scientist) wants to determine if different temperatures affects how many times a bird chirps. What is the dependent variable in this experiment? How many times the bird chirps An ornithologist (bird scientist) wants to determine if different temperatures affects how many times a bird chirps. What is the control variable in this experiment? Same bird An astronaut entering the Earths atmosphere from space will pass which layer first? Exosphere In which layer of the atmosphere would the Aurora form? Thermosphere Which layer of the atmosphere is responsible for meteors disintegrating? Mesosphere Which layer of the atmosphere is mainly responsible for protecting us from harmful UV radiations from the sun? Stratosphere Which layer of the atmosphere do we live in? Troposphere Which is the most common gas in the atmosphere? Nitrogen What is it called when heat is trapped by the earths atmosphere due to pollution? Greenhouse effect What happens to pressure as we travel towards space? It decreases Why do mountain climbers carry oxygen tanks with them? Less oxygen molecules so it is difficult to breath Pilots fly to the stratosphere when there is a storm. Why do they do that? To avoid the stormy weather occurring in the troposphere Water from water bodies turn into water vapor and enter the atmosphere. What is this process known as? Evaporation Water enters the atmosphere from plants and animals. What is this process known as? Transpiration Water vapor cools into water droplets and forms clouds. What is this process known as? Condensation What type of condensation is it when water vapor cools into water droplets onto a cold surface? Dew What type of condensation is it when water vapor freezes onto a cold surface? Frost Frost is a type of condensation that happens due to a process known as ________________________________ ? Crystallization Water falling from clouds in various forms is known as ? Precipitation What determines the type of precipitation you will receive? The TEMPERATURE of the troposphere When water that falls down as precipitation reaches the earth, it always flows back to the ocean as ? Run off When you can see the run off flowing it is known as ____________________? Surface water flow When the run off seeps into the ground it is know as________________________? Ground water flow What symbol would you see on the door of a lab that uses live animals to conduct a behavior study? Animal safety What symbol would you see on the bottle of a chemical that can catch fire easily? Flammable What symbol would you see on the box of a specimen that contains a sample that can cause harm to you on contact? Bio Hazard What symbol would you see on a bottle of chemical that gives out strong odors? Fume safety

Oedipus King Of Riddles Essays - Oedipus The King, Oedipus

Oedipus: King Of Riddles? In Greek mythology the oracles or gods are rarely wrong in their predictions of the future. Yet the characters still try to fight the predictions. Do their personalities and traits decide their future, or does fate take its course no matter what? Oedipus was a shrewd man furnished with wit and intellect, yet his lack of insight (the ability to see and understand clearly the inner nature of himself) and his arrogance led to his demise, not fate. Oedipus's aret? (an exceptional ability or gift) was unravelling riddles, and solving any puzzles with ease. He had a surplus of the aptitude to look outward, but unfortunately he had a deficiency of the ability to look inward. This talent of looking outward made him renowned for deciphering riddles and mysteries. Yet when Tiresias appears and speaks in riddles, Oedipus cannot solve them because of his lack of insight. Tiresias's riddles are clear in what they state, but Oedipus cannot understand them because he doesn't know himself well enough. Tiresias conveys, All ignorant! And I refuse to link my utterance with a downfall such as yours.(Pg.42) At this point in the play, Oedipus still cannot perceive who the murderer of King Laius is, even though the riddle is obvious. Oliver 2 Oedipus has the ability to comprehend the riddles, but he won't allow himself to accept the truth. When Oedipus saved Thebes from The Sphinx, he answered this difficult puzzle. The Sphinx demanded, What creature is it that walks on four feet in the morning, on two at noon, and on three in the evening? With his eminent mastery of riddles and having an open mind, Oedipus replied, It is Man. As a child he crawls on four. When he grows up he walks upright on his two feet, and in old age he leans on a staff.1 This puzzle is far more complex than Tiresias's rudimentary riddles, so Oedipus has the ability to solve the riddles but cannot let himself do so, because of his pomposity. Oedipus is so arrogant that he can't believe that he could possibly have done anything wrong. He suffered from the sin of hubris. That is, he was very vain, and conceited. No matter how straightforward Tiresias's riddles were, Oedipus's pride wouldn't let him solve them. Finally, Tiresias came right out and said what he meant without a riddle, and Oedipus still couldn't accept that he did anything wrong. Tiresias simply stated, I say, you murdered the man whose murderer you require. (Pg.37) Following that remark from Tiresias, Oedipus shielded himself by accusing his brother in law, Creon (his uncle in reality), of forcing these insinuations from Tiresias. Of course, this wasn't true, it was just a classic example of Oedipus's arrogance trying to defend itself. Oedipus's expiration was caused simply because of his arrogance and his lack of self knowledge. He didn't understand himself well enough. He could unravel any mystery besides Oliver 3 his own existence. All of his life Oedipus had solved mysteries and puzzles about subjects other than himself. Now that he was faced with riddles accusing him of something, his own arrogance kept him from the truth. Oedipus would have solved Tiresias's riddles instantaneously if it weren't for his pride, and lack of insight. Finally, the truth is forced on Oedipus with outstanding evidence, presented by the messenger, and the shepherd, so he must accept his destiny. Was he not able to solve Tiresias's riddles because his arrogance wouldn't allow him to, or did he recognize the answers immediately, his vanity not allowing him to acknowledge the truth? Oliver 4 Notes 1Ingri And Edgar Parin D'Aulaire's , D'aulaires' Book Of Greek Myths (Garden City:Doubleday & Company Inc. , 1962), 158. Oliver 5 Bibliography D'aulaire's Partin , Edgar and Ingri. Daulaire's Book Of Greek Myths. Garden City: Doubleday & Company Inc. , 1962. Sophocles. Oedipus The King in The Oedipus Plays Of Sophocles. (Trans. P. Roche.) New York: Mentor Books , 1986.

Mary Shelleys description of the monster Essay Example

Mary Shelleys description of the monster Essay Example Mary Shelleys description of the monster Essay Mary Shelleys description of the monster Essay At the beginning Shelley contrasts his beauty and his wretchedness. Mary Shelleys description of the monster reduces the good things and increases the bad things which makes our first impression of the monster as being horrific Mary Shelley writes: His teeth of a pearly whiteness which were of a Horrid contrast with his watery eyes Mary Shelley is using Victor Frankensteins first impression of the monster was clearly horrific. You could tell from the first time Victor looked at the monstrous creation properly and he straight away knew the evil he had created. One of the first words of Victor Frankenstein upon seeing the monster was Beautiful, great god Frankenstein was infact being ironic as his creation was indeed not beautiful. He is completely despondent: The beauty of my dreams vanished and breathless horror and disgust filled my heart Mary Shelley uses such words to make us feel that this is such a monster that is so horrid that it will turn the heart black with disgust even to look at it. Mary Shelley gives us an early indication that this monster is not going to be such a first-class monster but a wicked one. This also agins shows us that she is very intelligent because of the way she uses the language. This quote explains everything about how Dr Frankenstein felt. Frankenstein also makes us think in negative ways towards the monster because he uses very effective and powerful words such as: Demonical corpse, miserable monster and ugly wretch This lets us know that he is regretting the creation and he comparing it with devils and demons. Victor Frankenstein is so scared of the monster that he leaves it and doesnt look back. This also shows Mary Shelleys intelligence because she uses very effective words to describe the monster. Our impression of the monster changes later in the novel when Frankenstein the monster tells us his side of the story. Mary Shelly emphasizes the positive aspects of the monster at this stage. After the monsters creator runs away from him. The monster goes out into the world. His first encounter with humans arnt the best of encounters because at first sight of the monster they straight away judge the monsters by its looks and start beating him and throw missile weapons at him, for example: grievously bruised by stones and many other kinds of missile weapons Mary Shelley is showing here that this monster didnt obviously look like how human beings do, this also show the wretchedness of the monster, it is also giving a simple message which is dont judge a book by its cover. We find out what the monster is really like when he goes and lives in a hovel near some cottagers. Mary Shelley writes about how he helped them at night when the cottagers were asleep. The creature speaks of how he: Often took tools. The use of which I quickly discovered and brought home firing sufficient for the consumptions for several days This showed he had a caring side to him and when he saw that the cottagers were having trouble he went and helped secretly by cutting the wood for them and doing several other things. Mary Shelley also writes about how the monster learns to speak and learns new words by listening to the cottagers, particularly Felix who teaches his girlfriend Safie to speak English. The creature says: I discovered the names that were given to some of the most familiar objects of discourse, I learned and applied the words. We start to feel sorry for the monster when he discovers that he is nothing like other people and that he is completely different to them in looks, height and strength. At this point we feel sorry for him because he talks about how his going to present himself to the cottagers. Frankenstein the monster says: their grace, beauty and delicate complexions, but how was I terrified when I viewed myself in a transparent pool!

Bromantes Architecture Represents the High Reneissance Essay Example for Free

Bromante’s Architecture Represents the High Reneissance Essay Donato Bramante was born in 1444 to a poor farmer’s family. Bramante was a famous Italian painter and architect. He moved to the city of Milan in 1474, where the gothic style of buildings influenced his creations. The High Renaissance was a time in Italy and Rome that the artists were learning how to show perspective, and about anatomy. Donato D’ Angelo Bramante made his mark in the High Renaissance period. He inspired other architects to express themselves. Some of his works include the church of Santa Maria presso, the Tempietto, Santa Maria delle Grazie, the new St.   Peter’s church, and others (Catt, 2010). By 1499, the French occupation of Milan had forced Bramante to Rome. Taken up by the entourage of Alexander VI, he first designed the cloister of S. Maria della Pace (Bramante, Donato, 1994). In 1476 Bramante first greatest achievement was the church of Santa Maria presso San Satiro. It was built on commission by Duke Sfora that was dedicated to Saint Satyrus (biographybace, n. d. ). However, Bramante’s contributions are seen in the choir area that he remodeled. Bramante had used perspective painting to make it look larger than it really was. Using the art of illusion he made the choir seem to be three bays long, but the space did not actually exist. There was a wall that prevented Bramante from building the choir. So what you see actually is only one meter deep (Web Gallery of Art, n. d. ). â€Å"Italian architect and painter. He is best known as the greatest exponent of High Renaissance architecture. His first building, Santa Maria presso San Satiro in Milan (c. 481), use perspective to give an illusion of deeply receding space in the choir. In 1506, he started rebuilding St Peter’s, Rome. His influence was enormous, and many Milanese painters took up his interest in perspective and trompe l’oeil† Donato Bramante, (2008). The Tempietto was another one of Donoto Bromante’s great works. It is believed that this shrine was built on the site of St. Peter’s martyrdom. This piece was commissioned by King Ferdin and and Queen Isabella for this very reason (kleiner, 2010). The Tempietto was a small round temple at San Pietro in Montro, in Rome, and was build 1502. This piece of architecture is considered to be a masterpiece of High Renaissance (kleiner, 2010). The Essential humanities. net, calls it â€Å"the crowning jewel of High Renaissance† (2010 p3). His classical structure contains many elements such as; columns, a dome, drum, base, and a vault. This small design was Bramante’s â€Å"most harmonious building of the renaissance† (biographybase, n. d. , p. 1). â€Å"The Tempietto (1502) at S Pietro in Montorio, Rome. The small circular structure, erected as a martyrium to St Peter, is reminiscent of the temple of Sibyl at Tivoli, with its classical entablature carried on a Tuscan Doric colonnade and rich frieze of metopes and triglyphs. It was the first monument of the High Renaissance and established a prototype for sixteenth-century church design† (Bromate, donato 1987). One of Bromante’s early works in Milan was the church of Santa Maria delie Grazie. This building was started by another architect. The Santa Maria delie Grazie was a large church with long aisles. Bramante contributed to this work by adding the tribune to the east end. When Bramante went to Rome, he left this church unfinished (Web Gallery of Art, n. d. ). According to the text the old Saint Peter’s was falling apart and deeded much repair. Julius II chose Bramante to design and replace the Saint Peter’s church. The floor plan of the new Saint Peter’s church featured a cross â€Å"with arms of equal length, each terminating in an apse† (kleiner, 2010 p. 477par. 3). Julius II wanted the new church to serve as a memorial, to mark Saint Peter’s grave and have his own tomb in the church. Bramante’s plans were complex and extreme with intricate symmetries of a crystal. His plan showed none interlocking crosses in which five of them were supporting the domes. However, Bramante died in 1514, at the age of seventy, about the time the construction began (Nickerson, 2008). â€Å"Bramante’s plan has been obscured by later work, though Michelangelo used as much of it as he could. What the interior would have looked like can be seen in Raphael’s painting The School of Athens† (Bramante, Donato [1444 – 1514]. 1994). The works of Donato Bramante include the church of Santa Maria presso, the Tempietto, Santa Maris delie Grazie, the new St. Peter’s church, and others. Bramante’s works are divided into two time periods. The first period was spent in Milan, and the second was in Rome. In Milan, his work was decorative and picturesque. However, in Rome his work became more in the High Renaissance style (Sauer, 1907). He set the stage for artist in the High Renaissance, and his work with perspectives have been studied and copied today. Bromante’s Architecture Represents the High Reneissance. (2017, Jan 06).

Hewlett Packard Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Hewlett Packard - Case Study Example This report pertains to the current business position of Hewlett Packard (HP),its current business problems and the way ahead for this business organisation.My first impression at the outset of ESS (E-Services Solution)group is to point out that this venture may be a successful at the outset given the period 1999 until 2000 but it has all the ingredients of becoming a victim of its own success and potentially damaging the work culture of HP with the so called aim of "infecting" the entire spirit.I would reach such a bleak conclusion for many reasons which I will discuss below but the pith and substance of my analysis as a management consultant is that "small is beautiful" but once it gets large it becomes ugly. And this is true for HP's future if the ESS is allowed to grown into its organizational management culture.At the outset of the case study we are made aware that in 1999 alone through the efforts of the ESS ,HP has achieved the status as a leading manufacturer of computer prod ucts, including printers, servers, workstations, and personal computers and is generating a revenue of $42.4 billion and net income of $3.1 billion.It has over 80,000 employees worldwide and a strong local presence in Silicon Valley and the Bay Area. The problems of HP and the role of ESS.The case study has given us a bird's eyes view of the historical problems with the management strategy of HP as follows. 1. In 1939 Bill Hewlett and Dave Packard, found HP and were an instant success with the and wanted to pursue theirs own unique way of doing business: "The HP Way." The evolution of the HP Way began early. Even though their decentralized management style was a success in the earlier dealing and by 1957 Hewlett and Packard had their own corporate objectives, underling the "The HP Way" through management strategies like Management By Wandering Around, Management By Objectives, and the Open Door Policy inspired later additions, including Open Communication and Total Quality Control .These practices cannot be seen anywhere today and later on the conservative attitude of HP with in a decentralized company and was more product oriented than customer oriented. 2. So far another reason HP has suffered is its insider hiring.Although Young and Platt were good leaders and displayed some good leadership qualities.However by 1998 HP was facing low stock prices and a lot of criticism pertaining to having missed the Internet market.There were other problems likecomplexity, and a loss of accountability and there was an over all lack of focus on the HRM issues. 3.

Real estate in america Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Real estate in america - Essay Example No doubt, this study give quantitative proof of the degree to which public real estate management put into practice at the present lags at the back the private sector, an knowledge gap that may point to suboptimal management of openly owned real estate in general, and puts the public division at a difficulty when dealing by means of developers in combined projects. No doubt, this gap means that in general management of public property frequently falls short of consequences in meeting rule objectives. No doubt, planners could play a better role in public real estate management, but cannot efficiently manage properties themselves or connect in winning joint growth with no more official training in real estate finance. The methodology here is a direct topic-by-topic comparison of property management activity in the private sector with that in the public sector. The evidence for the private sector comes from five recently published surveys of real estate management practices among non-real-estate firms in the United States. This literature on corporate real estate management surveys organization of the real estate management function, performance evaluation, record and information management, rules for choice on property gaining and nature, role and efficiency of the real estate decision-making, and real estate activities.

Roles and functions of judges Essay Example for Free

Roles and functions of judges Essay Judges There are two types of judges, superior judges and inferior judges in the UK. The superior judges are entitled to work in the higher courts such as, the court of Appeal, and the House of Lords. Whereas, inferior judges work in the lower courts in the hierarchy such as crown courts and supreme courts. Superior judges are called district judges and inferior judges are called circuit judges. District judges are full-time judges who deal with the majority of cases in the county courts. These judges are appointed by the queen and mainly deal with claims and other matters within the court. However, Circuit judges are appointed to one of seven regions of England and Wales, and sit in the crown and county courts within their particular region. The difference between both judges is that, superior judges are more experienced as compared to the inferior judges, they have a minimum experience of 20 years but inferior judge has less experience so therefore, they have to do some training. Superior judges wear long wigs and extravagant gowns; however, inferior judges also wear the same but a bit shorter. For superior judges their salaries are a lot higher compared to inferior judges. In criminal courts juries look upon the factors and decide if the verdict is guilty or not, whereas the judge looks on the law and decides the sentence. On the other hand, the judges in civil cases decide if the verdict is liable or not beyond reasonable doubt and if the verdict needs to pay injunctions. Barristers Solicitors Barristers are lawyers who argue a clients case where as Solicitors prepare paper work and usually handle civil cases which includes divorces, wills for husband and wife, suing someone and offering no win no fee personal injury claims, they sit and work in the lower courts which are the magistrate’s courts and county courts. Solicitors also have to keep up to date with the law as they change often. Barristers are entitled to where wigs in the court where as a solicitor doesn’t wear a wig, they are subject to wear ordinary suit. Most barristers though will spend their professional lives in the court, hearing cases in the crown court and high court where as a solicitor will spend their time in working in the lower courts which are the magistrates court and county courts. However both solicitors and barristers must complete two clear stages of training, the academic and vocational stages, this shows their similarities. The academic stage is accomplished by obtaining a law degree, and then they have to complete a second stage of vocational training. The bar vocational course is for the period of 1 year and costs more than one or two grand however the solicitors complete a year of the legal practice course. The Bar vocational course is designed by the general council of the bar to provide the students of the bar with practical skills involved in court work. They have to be a member of the inn court and then have to have the 12 dinners and if they fail to maintain the standards set out in their code of conduct, in extreme cases the Committee can exclude a barrister from performing. Before a barrister can actually practice on their own, they must face the hurdle of finding set of chambers to join their 12 months ‘pupillage’ where they work with a well experienced barrister to learn the practices of law and the court, on the other hand, solicitors who are training have to have a university degree which is a course for three years. They can then do a further course called the ‘Learning Practice Course’ that is a course for 1 year. Barristers have a training contract of 2 years which they get paid for which is a minimum  £18000. Some barristers have the opportunity to work within their profession. Senior barristers are given the title of Queens counsel, though in some jurisdiction, it is being replaced by the senior counsel. A few of these will be asked to become judges where as solicitors do not get this opportunity and also barristers may start they profession earning less but however, gradually will increase a lot more than solicitors once the barristers become well known. Barristers are self-employed and on the other hand, solicitors are employed. The relationship of a solicitor with its client is contractual where as a relationship of a barrister with its client is normally through the solicitor but accountants and surveyors can brief barristers directly. Magistrates These are trained, unpaid members of the public within their local community. They work part time (26 days a year). On the other hand, juries are also unpaid people but it is their duty to fulfill the job. Magistrates deal with summary offence such as theft, nuisance and motor offending etc. however juries work in the crown court and they decide the facts about the case they are listening whereas a magistrate will pay attention to the law. Juries sit in a panel of 12 and decide if the verdict is guilty or not whereas magistrates sit in a panel of 3 and decide the law and give an appropriate sentence. The similarities between both are that, they don’t require any legal qualification or training. Both also should be from the age of 18 – 70 and the person who is taking the role of a jury, they must enrolled in the electronic register. The maximum sentence a magistrate can give 6 months imprisonment and  £5000 fine whereas a jury doesn’t have the authority to give the sentence apart from deciding guilty or not guilty.

Partial Birth Abortion is Murder Essay -- Argument Argumentative Persu

Partial Birth Abortion is Murder Partial birth abortion is a controversial method of abortion late in a woman’s pregnancy in which the baby is aborted by a craniotomy. Two organizations are commonly affiliated with abortion: Pro-choice supports abortion saying that what is in a woman’s body is her â€Å"property†, while Pro-life believes it is murder of innocent babies. Partial birth abortion is murder of innocent children and an abomination to basic human rights and values. Thesis Statement: Partial birth abortion is murder of innocent babies and an abomination to basic human rights and values. I. The differing sides on Intact D&X are distinctly opposite A. Pro-choice supports abortions 1. Done 650 times a year and only when the mother’s life is endangered or the child is deformed 2. Says the public is mistaken in its knowledge of Intact Dilation and Extraction B. Pro-life doesn’t support abortions of any kind 1. Backed by medical experts it is claimed that 80% of partial birth abortions are purely elective 2. Believes the baby is a living human being and deserves the rights of a human II. There are benefits and harmful consequences to P.B.A. A. Many abortionists claim that the benefits far out way the consequences 1. It is safer, quicker, and easier 2. Intact D&X is less traumatic to the mother B. There are also many harmful effects 1. Risk of uterine and breast cancer is increased 2. Rates of depression also increase III. The issue of partial birth abortion has come into our courtrooms A. Congress made its first attempt to ban P.B.A in 1996 1.Brenda Shafer R.N. testified to what she saw in abortion clinic 2. Congress passed the ban, but President Clinton vetoed the bill B. The second attempt was made in 1997 1. Passed Congress again 2. President Clinton vetoed the bill Imagine being in excruciating pain from a gaping hole in the back of your neck. Then you hear a slight â€Å"whirr† before your brains are sucked out through a tiny tube. Sadly this happens to many babies each day because they are unwanted, inconvenient, or imperfect. The abortionist first delivers the baby breech style except for the head, scissors are then jammed into the head at the base of the skull, and the brains sucked out, the skull then collapses. This procedure is commonly known as partial birth abortion or Intact Dilation and E... ...ference of a couple weeks, and even just a few days separates the abortionist from a murderer, and the procedure from Infanticide. We need to take strong action against not only partial birth abortion, but also abortions of any kind by writing our representatives and senators. References Information Page on Abortion. Retrieved October 17, 2000 from the World Wide Web: http://web.tusco.net/newone/abortion2.htm Partial Birth Abortion (1996). Retrieved October 17, 2000 from the World Wide Web: http://www.jeremiahproject.com/prophecy/partbirthabort.html Shafer, B. P. (1996, March 21). Hearing on the Partial Birth Abortion Ban Act (HR 1833). Retrieved October 23, 2000 from the World Wide Web: http://www.priestsforlife.org/testimony.html Sprang and Neerhof (1998, August 26). Rationale for Banning Abortions Late in Pregnancy. American Medical Association 280 744-747. Retrieved October 19, 2000 from the World Wide Web: http://www.partialbirthabortion.org/welcome/what_is.html Sykes, M. (2000). ‘Late Term’ Confusion, ‘Partial Birth’ Lies. Retrieved October 23, 2000 from the World Wide Web:http://prochoice.about.com/newissues/prochoice/library/bllatetermlies.htm

Natural Law does not provide an adequate basis for morality Essay

In this essay, the arguments made will help to consider whether or not if Natural Law does provide an adequate basis for morality or not. The arguments will look into Aquinas theory and if his beliefs provide a sense of morality for all humans. Natural Law is a moral theory which maintains that law should be based on morality and ethics. Natural Law holds that the law is based on what’s correct. Natural Law is discovered by humans through the use of reason and choosing between good and evil. It finds power in discovering certain universal standards in morality and ethics. The strengths that are found in Natural Law are the strengths of an absolutist deontological view of morality. It allows people to follow common rules so they can then structure communities. Natural Law provides justification and support for certain core ideas which are popular in modern times, for example human rights and equality. Natural Law provides a clear moral basis for Christians to follow, example would be, the primary precepts to ‘defend life’ which provides a moral rule to help people to understand that all life is sacred and we should defend all life. We are also able to us our reason in order to distinguish between what is right and what is wrong, it allows us to use our reason to fulfil our purpose as humans. A key argument that would be made is that not all people share the same life purposes; everyone wants to get something different out of life, fulfilling their own life purposes. Not all people â€Å"find love in the same way; some find love and purpose in life through the expression of their sexuality† (Robert Bowie). Aquinas did not consider that every human thinks and feels differently, to make his theory relatable to all humans. Human beings have their own minds; the whole person should be the decision maker and follow what makes them happy. Homosexual men and women argue the fact that they are not recognized as normal human beings. Aquinas believed that their actions should not be seen as normal human action but as unnatural because to him, they cannot lead normal lives like straight men and women simple because they cannot reproduce and that Aquinas believed that â€Å"as a human being must preserve the species every discharge of semen should be associated with life generation†(Robert Bowie). But it is not vital for ever discharge of semen should be producing a new life to maintain human life. Aquinas doesn’t consider how are functions effect are emotions, how they link to our emotions and thoughts. Natural Law has been argued to whether or not there is a common natural law that is apparent and self- evident, and also whether or not it can be right for each human and if every day life can be deduced from the fundamental laws e. g. primary precepts. Kai Neilson went against Aquinas theory, Neilson argued Aquinas beliefs in a basis human nature which is presented to all different cultures. Sciences view of an essential human nature is that it does not exist and that it’s not what makes a man a man. Human nature is seen as a vague cultural concept, is has never been scientifically proven so we cannot be sure if it actually does exist. ‘The challenge is that an essential human nature isn’t as obviously self-evident as Aquinas claims’ (Robert Bowie). In some ways, some forms of Natural Law could perhaps exist just not in the way Aquinas indented. He believed to use the genitals for other reason presides reproducing, was immoral. The human body and emotions works in different ways and it is not necessary that semen has to produce a new life every time. Aquinas believes that sex before marriage is wrong, and that in order for a couple to have sex they must have the intensions of spending the rest of their lives together. For a couple’s relationship to grow strong or maintain strong, by creating a sexual relationship, the couple’s relationship may benefit from this action. â€Å"Sexual activity isn’t only found in the genitalia’s’ (Robert Bowie). In today’s society the human physique is seen as one psycho-physical whole, it is no longer seen as the fragment requirements of parts which Aquinas had believed. Aquinas how a couple may need a sexual relationship for their feelings to mature. Times have changed since Aquinas’s theory, people within a relationship no longer wait until their married some even have children out of wedlock but are in stable relationship even if it’s with another person who is not their child’s parent. Homosexual relationships are no longer thrown upon and homosexual couples can now get married in church in front of God. Aquinas theory does no longer fit into today’s society simple because the new generations have grown up being taught differently. The programs that are now shown on TV for children and teens to watch have sent out a messages showing sense such as ’16 and pregnant’ that go against Aquinas beliefs. Aquinas Natural Moral Law is a Christian ethic but Jesus confronted legalistic morality in the New Testament. Natural moral law is similar to Pharisaic law and some debate that Jesus went against this approach. Some Christians have demanded that morality should be based on the individual rather than the types of acts that have been committed. Writer, Kevin T Kelly, pointed out two types of Christian morality, one ‘that is centred on acts’ and then another which is ‘centred on the dignity of the human person’ (Robert Bowie), separating the person from the act. Although natural law has its down sides there are some arguments that provide a basis for morality. Natural moral law provides a set of rules which people do follow to fulfil a moral life. The strengths that natural moral law provides are the strengths of an absolutist deontological view of morality; the rules that apply bring a structure to communities. Some religious believers use Natural law as a comfort blanket; it could be seen as something to rely on to help guide them to a moral way of life, Natural moral law gives a reason to be moral, â€Å"It gives guidance on day to day questions† (Robert Bowie). Natural law, although guides people in the way they live, is not a set of rules but a form of living a chose on how to achieve a person’s purpose and happiness. It provides us humans with a complete system of moral living. Natural moral law supports certain ideas in modern times for example human rights and equality. Humans are capable of discerning the difference between good and evil because they have a conscience. There are many manifestations of the good that we can pursue. Some, like procreation, are common to other nimals, and others, like the pursuit of truth, are inclinations peculiar to the capacities of human beings. Some contemporary Catholic theologians, like John Wijngaards, dispute the Magisterium’s interpretation of Natural Law as applied to specific points of sexual ethics, such as in the areas of contraceptives and homosexual unions. Natural moral goes against taking of a human’s life, â€Å"thou shall not kill† (Jesus) natural law follows this, the 5 primary precepts state that you should perverse all life, since life is a gift and all humans should find happiness and morality within their lifespan. Although Natural law does provide a framework for humans to be guided it also forgets to include the other types of cultures. Natural law was made for Christians which means that the rules and morals have been made to fit only Christian teachings, so it’s not suitable for all humans to follow and if not all human beings can follow it, then not all humans are gaining a basis for morality. Aquinas theory is seen as being out of date, with the new generation growing up in a world where sex before marriage doesn’t apply, his belief that no semen should be wasted and that it is unmoral to use the genitals for other reason besides reproducing is no longer seen as wrong but in some cases seen as sharing love between partners also homosexuality is no longer seen as a sin in some societies.

Joan Miro and Dutch Interior Essay

Joan Miro created a surrealist painting, a style that expresses the subconscious using imagery in the subject matter, Dutch Interior shows a man playing the guitar at a table. There are animals and a women sitting around him listening to the beautiful sound. Miro used a wide array of colors especially green and white to emphasize a happy day. He uses complementary colors to allow the colors to clash and have things stand out and be unified from the rest of the canvas. Joan Miro created this painting by observing another painting called The Lute Player. He painted, distorted, simplified and abstracted it by drawing only what he thought was important of the object and using the colors he thought best represented the figure. Miro feels that it is not important to show every little detail because doing that gives your imagination no room to imagine. To him abstracting his images is the best way for him to express his inner feelings. In this painting the Dutch Interior he feels the most i mportant thing is the fact that a man is playing a guitar and so he paints that. He does not think the painting was painted to show the mans velvet hat so he leaves that out. Miro puts a happy warm feeling into his work by painting soft but brilliant colors onto his canvas. He puts soft whites into his painting to emphasize that warm mood of joy. Miro uses the color white also to show important areas of the canvas. Miro also uses some principles of design to try to give this feeling. He uses movement to lead your eye around starting from the man playing the guitar and ending in the lower left hand corner at the place where the dog is sitting. The central focus is the man playing the guitar because he is what the whole painting is basically about. One other important principle of design he uses is asymmetrical balance. There are the same amount of things happening on both sides of the musician. On the left you have a dog starring up at him and listening to the comforting music while on the right side the cat is doing the same thing. Although the central focus is the musician things are happening through out the canvas. Such as out the window there are people sailing boats and inside there are many different animals listening. I get the feeling of a happy day and all is going well and there is nice soft music in the background. The day is calm and nothing can go wrong, everything is just perfect. This painting was painted for the one reason to make people warm and happy inside and to tell people every where that detail is not needed in a painting as long as you have your imagination leading you through it. Miro wants to tell you that there is more to art than recognizable subject matter. You don’t have to know what your looking at.

Free Essays on Global System for Mobile Communications

GSM stands for Global System for Mobile Communications and is the most popular standard for mobile phones in the world. GSM phones are used by over a billion people across more than 200 countries. The ubiquity of the GSM standard makes international roaming very common with "roaming agreements" between operators. GSM differs from its predecessors most significantly in that both signaling and speech channels are digital, which means that it is seen as a second generation (2G) mobile phone system. This fact has also meant that data communication was built into the system very early. GSM is an open standard which is developed by the 3GPP. The key advantage of GSM systems from the point of view of the consumer has been early delivery of new services at low costs, for example text messaging was developed first for GSM, whilst the advantage for network operators has been the low infrastructure cost which is caused by open competition. The primary disadvantage has been that GSM's radio network is based on TDMA technology, which is considered less "technologically advanced" than competing CDMA based systems, though practical performance figures are rather similar. GSM has remained backward compatible with the original GSM phones, at the same time, the GSM standard continues to develop and packet data capabilities were added in the Release '97 version of the standard with GPRS. Higher speed data transmission has been introduced by providing a new modulation scheme with EDGE. History The GSM groups ("Groupe Spà ©cial Mobile" (French)) , 2, 3 and 4) were founded during the year 1985. Originally these groups were hosted by CEPT. The technical fundamentals of the GSM-system were defined 1987. In 1989 ETSI took over control and in 1990 the first GSM specification was born (over 6000 pages of text). Commercial operation starts in 1991 with Radiolinja in Finland. In 1998 the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) ) was formed. Originally it... Free Essays on Global System for Mobile Communications Free Essays on Global System for Mobile Communications GSM stands for Global System for Mobile Communications and is the most popular standard for mobile phones in the world. GSM phones are used by over a billion people across more than 200 countries. The ubiquity of the GSM standard makes international roaming very common with "roaming agreements" between operators. GSM differs from its predecessors most significantly in that both signaling and speech channels are digital, which means that it is seen as a second generation (2G) mobile phone system. This fact has also meant that data communication was built into the system very early. GSM is an open standard which is developed by the 3GPP. The key advantage of GSM systems from the point of view of the consumer has been early delivery of new services at low costs, for example text messaging was developed first for GSM, whilst the advantage for network operators has been the low infrastructure cost which is caused by open competition. The primary disadvantage has been that GSM's radio network is based on TDMA technology, which is considered less "technologically advanced" than competing CDMA based systems, though practical performance figures are rather similar. GSM has remained backward compatible with the original GSM phones, at the same time, the GSM standard continues to develop and packet data capabilities were added in the Release '97 version of the standard with GPRS. Higher speed data transmission has been introduced by providing a new modulation scheme with EDGE. History The GSM groups ("Groupe Spà ©cial Mobile" (French)) , 2, 3 and 4) were founded during the year 1985. Originally these groups were hosted by CEPT. The technical fundamentals of the GSM-system were defined 1987. In 1989 ETSI took over control and in 1990 the first GSM specification was born (over 6000 pages of text). Commercial operation starts in 1991 with Radiolinja in Finland. In 1998 the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) ) was formed. Originally it...

Nationality, Immigration & Asylum Law Coursework

Nationality, Immigration & Asylum Law - Coursework Example When regarding policy issue, the inextricable link that controls family and welfare raises stark policy issues to welfare practitioners, legal advisors, and all people and organizations concerned with justice in the social policy. It is ultimately counter-productive for the control opponents and deportations to simply parallel home office assault on the third world families in demand of right to the family unity2. This is because family construct, whether extended or nuclear, is personally and politically problematic. The Family Immigration Rights (FAIR) is therefore the organization that campaigns for the reforms and controls. There are emphasizes on different ways used to control and divide families. The manifesto states that: a family is a fundamental and natural group unit in the society and it has the right to protection by the government or state. By this, the work of feminists is ignored by both the Non-Europeans and Europeans, showing the family unity to be neither fundamenta l nor natural. As far as the control is concerned, the lauding family is not just ideological matter3. An inevitable effect is that, it makes it extremely hard for the single persons and the same sex couples to come or stay in UK. Another effect is contradictory arguments which are used in the campaigns against controls that involve women’s relationship with men. ... At stake will be respect for individual wishes to have the ability to live anywhere and with anyone they wanted to. For the women, it means that sovereignty and freedom of choice, free of state and men as immigration controls represent. The immigration controls are mostly based on the loyalty test. The best example is in UK whereby it is a demand that whoever settled there must make a complete break with the origin of the country. These are built juridical into immigration rules. Concerning marriage in UK, it cannot be used to confer automatic citizenship5. It can only be obtained through naturalization if the applicant has permanent stay in UK. The rules on immigration on marriages is stipulated in that when a person enters UK for marriage purposes, the persons or couples are put in probation period of two years. If the couple’s marriage breaks down before the period for any reason, the spouse to the dependant is liable to be deported. This rule was affecting the immigrants f orcing them to stay in an abusive marriage with the fear of being deported if the marriage ends. The immigration control rules for the spouses and partners is globally discussed and employed. The right to family life and privacy respect is widely recognized as basic and fundamental right in human rights laws. In the UK, the rights are protected by Article 8 under Human Rights Act 19986. The main aim of the article is to protect individuals against state agents’ intrusion unless the agent has a good reason in private sphere within which some individuals anticipate being left alone to conduct their own affairs and lead there lives the way they want. The act sets out legal protection of inviolability of psychological and personal space whereby each

Business Assets, Estate and Wealth Planning Essay

Business Assets, Estate and Wealth Planning - Essay Example Succession planning of the business is an important consideration. Bearing in mind the time it takes, the intricacy, and may be the conflicts that may result. The period during which it occurs along with the transfer issues that arise mandates that it is addressed by the business owner. It is vital as it aids in preparing for a smooth departure, and ensure the business conitnues to run for the the customer’s sake. If the business owner wishes to maintain some mandate over the business, then it is the best way to iron out the plan (Goel, 2009). The strategies through which the owner will protect and insure the business are a consideration that help protect the business properties from loss. The cosideration can be used by the owner to resolve financial issues that come up in the course of running the business. Thrugh the consideration, liquidity for taxes like estate taxes is availed and help in decreasing debts. Debts are reduced through the provision of cash flow needed to uphold the business regime (Mentz, 2009). Many business owners fail to outline their stock choice and rules. Hence, in the course of running the business, when they need funds, say to fund vested choices, their selections are limited. Thus, the stock choice planning is a consideration that a business owner should regard. It helps in the execution of ways to create cash and diversify the business fund source (Goel, 2009). A catalogue of account titles harmonized against the transfer strategies is a consideration that aids in planning for the business owner while living and at death. If a business has an improper titling of properties, it may hnder the utilization of trusts, which can avail substantial tax remunerations. Hence, the catalogue is a consideration that cannot be assumed as it helps the business to evade probate and makes sure the business possessions are awarded to the